Bulletin SBS, ročník 38, č. 2/2016
Rozšírenie arkticko-alpínskeho lišajníka pľuzgierka kapucňovitá (Flavocetraria cucullata) na Slovensku
Distribution of arctic-alpine lichen Flavocetraria cucullata in Slovakia
s. 137–160
Abstract: The lichen Flavocetraria cucullata grows in Slovakia mostly from montane to subnival belts of the Western Carpathians, rarely in lower altitudes. It was recorded for the first time by Swedish naturalist Göran Wahlenberg in 1813 in the Vysoké Tatry Mts. The aim of this work is to present the data about the occurrence of the species in Slovakia based on field work and revision of herbarium material, assess the trend of its distribution and comment the factors contributing to the threat of this species. Flavocetraria cucullata has been recorded in 19 orographic units in Slovakia, in up to 140 localities. The centre of the distribution is in central parts of Central and Eastern Slovakia, in elevation ranging (480)–500–2655 m. One of the most interesting sites because of the altitude (cca 600 m) and the bedrock (melaphyre) is Nature Reserve Primovské skaly in the region of Spiš, where we confirmed the occurrence of the species after 42 years. Expected changes in bioclimatic conditions may affect the range of F. cucullata and its fragmentation. Moreover limited distributional capacity (lack of fertile specimens) will have negative impact on viability of the populations in the Western Carpathians. Taking this into consideration we suggest ranking the species as vulnerable (VU).
Keywords: lichenized fungus, phytogeography, symbiotic organism, Western Carpathians.
Rebríček slezinníkolistý Achillea aspleniifolia (Asteraceae), na Slovensku
Achillea aspleniifolia (Asteraceae) in Slovakia
s. 161–171.
Abstract: The distribution of the critically endangered yarrow species Achillea aspleniifolia (A. millefolium group, Asteraceae) in Slovakia was studied using herbarium specimens in most Czech, Slovak and Hungarian public herbaria. The species is distributed in the Pannonian part of the country, with most records in the Záhorská and Podunajská nížina lowlands. Only a single population is known in the Carpathians (Malé Karpaty Mts). The species occurs in fen and/or saline meadows. However, most of its former sites were destroyed in the past, and only three populations have been documented since 2001. Achillea aspleniifolia should be classified as critically endangered (CR) in Slovakia. A distribution map, together with a list of revised herbarium specimens is provided.
Keywords: Achillea millefolium group, distribution, halophytes, phytogeography, red list species, Pannonian Plain, Western Carpathians.
Rozšírenie druhu Pilosella aurantiaca (Compositae) na Slovensku
Distribution of Pilosella aurantiaca (Compositae) in Slovakia
s. 173–187.
Abstract: Results of chorological study and the distribution map of Pilosella aurantiaca (L.) F.W. Schultz et Schultz-Bip. in Slovakia are presented. The most of localities are situated in the Vysoké Tatry Mts., Západné Tatry Mts., Belianske Tatry Mts., Nízke Tatry Mts., Veľká Fatra Mts., Muránska planina Plateau, Slovenské rudohorie Mts. and Bukovské vrchy Mts. Scattered occurrence is known from many other phytogeographical districts of Western Carpathians. If we exclude the likely non-native sites (the plants escaped from cultivation), the species occurrence reached the minimum altitude in the Slanské vrchy Mts. at 352 m a.s.l., and maximum in ca. 2140 m (Mt. Havran, the Belianske Tatry Mts.).
Keywords: Hieracium, occurrence, phytogeography, Slovakia.
Nové nálezy cievnatých rastlín na antropogénnych stanovištiach v oblasti Národného parku Muránska planina
New findings of vascular plants in man-made habitats in the area of the National park Muránska planina
s. 189–221.
Abstract: New data on the occurrence of synanthropic vascular plant species in the National park Muránska planina (Central Slovakia) are given. The attention is particularly paid to findings of several neophytes in forest ecosystems (Abutilon theophrasti, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Bidens frondosa, Datura stramonium, Erechtites hieracifolius, Helianthus annuus, H. tuberosus, Iva xanthiifolia, Lupinus polyphyllus). These species have been found mostly close to hunter hides, feed-through and similar stands. Feeding of game animals and crop decoy application in the natural forests in the higher elevations and strictly protected areas seem to be inadvertent and undesirable. New data on the spontaneous occurrence of several alien cultivated ornamental plants in the study area (Aster laevis, A. novae-angliae, A. novii-belgii, A. versicolor, Calendula officinalis, Cerastium tomentosum, Cosmos bipinnatus, Euphorbia marginata, Hylotelephium spectabile, Mentha spicata, Miscanthus sinensis, Narcissus pseudonarcissus, Petunia × atkinsiana, Pharbitis purpurea, Phlox paniculata, P. subulata, Rudbeckia bicolor, Sedum lydium, Tagetes patula) are given as well. One locality of the critically endangered species Silene gallica has been found.
Keywords: apophytes, archaeophytes, Central Slovakia, invasive plants, man-made habitats, neophytes, ruderal and segetal species.
Zaujímavé nálezy ohrozených cievnatých rastlín z územia stredného Slovenska: komentovaný zoznam údajov z rokov 2011 – 2016
Interesting findings of endangered vascular plants from the territory of central Slovakia; annotated list of data from years 2011 – 2016
s. 223–242.
Abstract: The present study brings the data on the current occurrence of endangered vascular plants from the territory of central Slovakia obtained during the years 2011–2016. Some aspects of their distribution within the studied area and/or wider geographical context on country level, ecology and vegetation characteristics are discussed. The annotated list comprises altogether 46 taxa belonging into the following categories: critically endangered (CR) – 4, endangered (EN) – 6, vulnerable (VU) – 11 and near threatened (NT) – 25. The findings of Adonis flammea, Androsace maxima, Carex liparocarpos and Glaucium corniculatum, all critically endangered, Potentilla micrantha, Sparganium natans and Tordylium maximum belong to the most interesting from phytogeographical point of view.
Keywords: Flora of Slovakia, species distribution, Western Carpathians.
Lesné spoločenstvá zväzu Tilio-Acerion s dominanciou buka lesného (Fagus sylvatica) na karbonátoch Malých Karpát
Forest communities of the alliance Tilio-Acerion with the dominance of common beech (Fagus sylvatica) on carbonate bedrock of the Malé Karpaty Mts
s. 243–264.
Abstract: The scree forest communities with dominance of Fagus sylvatica on carbonate bedrock were studied in the central part of the Malé Karpaty Mts (the Nature Reserves Hlboča, Kršlenica, Roštún, Vysoká and Záruby) using traditional Zürich-Montpellier approach in 2012 – 2013. According to the Twinspan numerical classification, there were distinguished two associations within the alliance Tilio-Acerion Klika 1955. Submontane and montane scree forest communities on the ridges are represented by the Mercuriali-Fraxinetum (Klika 1942) Husová in Moravec et al. 1982. Thermophilous communities of the Aceri-Carpinetum Klika 1941 aconitetosum vulpariae Husová 1982, typical variant and variant with Glechoma hirsuta are extended to the middle and lower part of slopes with thermophilous nitrophilous species such as Arabis turrita, Chaerophyllum temulum, Chelidonium majus. Floristic and ecological characteristics of described communities are given and discussed. In general, majority of the beech-dominated stands of the studied nature reserves had nitrophilous understorey typical for the Tilio-Acerion alliance. This specificity leads to the conclusion that not all communities with Fagus sylvatica dominance in the tree layer should be automatically classified to the alliance Fagion sylvaticae Luquet 1926.
Keywords: scree forests, Aceri-Carpinetum, Mercuriali-Fraxinetum, syntaxonomy, nature reserves, Western Carpathians.
Modelovanie potenciálu distribúcie hmyzovníkov (Ophrys) na Devínskej Kobyle
Modelling potential distribution of the members of the genus Ophrys on the Devínska Kobyla Mt
s. 265–284.
Abstract: Sheep and cattle grazing of thermophilic meadows of the Devínska Kobyla Mt. was abandoned in 20th century. As a consequence, succession of these habitats turned large areas into forest. Due to changes in agricultural practices the extent of calcareous grasslands dramatically decreased and the remaining meadows have become extremely fragmented. Abundance of several graminoid species (e.g. Bromus erectus) increased and reduction of their dominance is required. Conservation and restoration of rich-in-species habitats requires appropriate interventions after the traditional forms of management stopped. Like many other orchids, the members of the genus Ophrys have been significantly influenced by habitat destruction. The aim of this work is explore methods to predict potential occurrence of the target species to secure their conservation. For this purpose we use distribution algorithms for environmental niche modelling and for its generalised transfer to the future climatic scenarios. The models of the recent and potential spatial expansion allow us to identify localities with an importance for a long-term survival of the observed species, and they help us to plan future strategies of the protection and management of the landscape.
The model of potential recent climatic niche of Ophrys apifera points out a lower climate fluctuation typical mainly on plateaus. The model plausibility is verified by the discovery of blooming plants around and in the Waitov lom quarry in 2016. The model of Ophrys holosericea refers to a few potential localities where cottages and houses are built now. Several predicted localities are nowadays covered by forest. The model of Ophrys sphegodes is focused to the areas of its historical occurrence near Devín. They were destroyed by the development of recreational objects above the foot of the Devínska Kobyla Mt. Regarding future predictions, an increase in the average annual temperature from +0.1 °C (2050) to +2.9 °C (2070) is predicted in the recent localities of O. apifera. The most significant change was recorded for O. holosericea in 2050 (+1.7 °C or +1.8 °C), and 2070 (+2.4 °C or +3.5 °C). The locality of O. sphegodes has a temperature growth from +0.8 °C (2050) to +2.6 °C (2070). The outputs of model for 2050, show a shift of the localities towards higher altitude (to the vicinity of elevation point 514 m a.s.l.). Signs of eventual adaptation of the species to the relatively higher air temperatures, but not arid conditions, are visible. For 2070, there is no optimal climatic similarity with the recent occurrence. Decrease in species distribution potential refers to the combination of lower precipitation and higher temperature in both climatic scenarios 2070. We assume that there is a whole series of restrictions in chosen methodology and initial data (mostly quality and accuracy of the climatic models in the future). We see restrictions in inability to model the evolutional and phenotype changes, climate change adaptations, and potential changes in the preference of biotope inhabitation. Because of that, the distribution potential might be under/overrated in the future. The approach we used in this work can be used for any species to understand their potential occurrence in order to preserve rare species. It can be a lead for management measures to ease impacts and adapt to climate change.
Keywords: calcareous grassland, climate change, environmental niche modelling, habitat suitability modelling, management.
Diverzita bunkových stien rastlín
Plant cell walls diversity
s. 285–289.
Abstract: The diversity of organisms in various environmental conditions is a known phenomenon. These environmental impact induces changes on the cellular and subcellular level resulting thereafter in the diversity of whole organisms. Structural and functional variations of plant cell walls during the onthogeny (growth and development) and in contaminated environment is the topic of this contribution. The variability of plant cell walls under the stress of toxic metals is one of the activities of the Center of Excellence for Protection and Use of Landscape and Biodiversity of the Operational Programme Research and Development financed by the European Regional Development Fund.
Keywords: contamination, environment, plant cell wall diversity, structural and functional variability.
s. 312: Jarolímek, I.: K jubileu doc. RNDr. Jiřího Kolbeka, CSc., DSc.
s. 318: Hegedüšová, K.: RNDr. Milan Valachovič, CSc. jubiluje
s. 336: Eliáš, P., ml.: Životné jubileum RNDr. Viktórie Urbanovej, CSc.
s. 344: Mereďa, P. ml.: Životné jubileum Viery Polakovičovej
s. 346: Vaculík, M.: Katedra fyziológie rastlín PRIF UK je sedemdesiatročná
s. 354: Hindák, F. & Hindáková, A.: Miscoe L.H., Johansen J.R., Kociolek J.P., Lowe R.L., Vaccarino M.A., Pietrasiak N. & Sherwood A.R., 2016. The diatom flora and cyanobacteria from caves on Kauaia, Hawaii. Taxonomy, distribution, new species. Bibliotheca Phycologica 120: 1-152. J. Cramer, Stuttgart, ISBN 978-3-443-60047-1. Cena 89,00 €.